https://wenyiblog.top/tags/%E5%85%83%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/ Recent content in 元编程 on 文艺技术笔记 Hugo -- gohugo.io zh 文艺技术笔记 | 软件工程师文艺 Sat, 13 Jun 2026 11:00:00 +0800 https://wenyiblog.top/2026/06/asm-12-macros/ Sat, 13 Jun 2026 11:00:00 +0800 https://wenyiblog.top/2026/06/asm-12-macros/ <h2 id="什么是宏指令"><a href="#%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%af%e5%ae%8f%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4" class="header-anchor"></a>什么是宏指令？ </h2><p>宏指令在<strong>汇编阶段</strong>展开，不是运行时调用。它相当于代码模板替换。</p> <h2 id="基本语法"><a href="#%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e8%af%ad%e6%b3%95" class="header-anchor"></a>基本语法 </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span><span class="lnt">5 </span><span class="lnt">6 </span><span class="lnt">7 </span><span class="lnt">8 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">PRINTSTR MACRO msg </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> MOV DX, OFFSET msg </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> MOV AH, 09h </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> INT 21h </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">ENDM </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">; 使用 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">PRINTSTR HELLO_MSG </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>展开后等价于：</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">MOV DX, OFFSET HELLO_MSG </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">MOV AH, 09h </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">INT 21h </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="带参数宏"><a href="#%e5%b8%a6%e5%8f%82%e6%95%b0%e5%ae%8f" class="header-anchor"></a>带参数宏 </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span><span class="lnt">5 </span><span class="lnt">6 </span><span class="lnt">7 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">ADD2 MACRO dest, src1, src2 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> MOV dest, src1 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> ADD dest, src2 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">ENDM </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">; 使用 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">ADD2 AX, BX, CX </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="局部标号"><a href="#%e5%b1%80%e9%83%a8%e6%a0%87%e5%8f%b7" class="header-anchor"></a>局部标号 </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span><span class="lnt">5 </span><span class="lnt">6 </span><span class="lnt">7 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">MYMACRO MACRO </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> LOCAL skip </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> CMP AX, 0 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> JE skip </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> ; do something </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">skip: </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">ENDM </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p><code>LOCAL</code> 确保宏多次展开时标号不冲突。</p> <h2 id="条件汇编"><a href="#%e6%9d%a1%e4%bb%b6%e6%b1%87%e7%bc%96" class="header-anchor"></a>条件汇编 </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span><span class="lnt">5 </span><span class="lnt">6 </span><span class="lnt">7 </span><span class="lnt">8 </span><span class="lnt">9 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">DEBUG EQU 1 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">IF DEBUG </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> PRINTSTR &#34;Debug mode ON </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">$&#34; </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">ELSE </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> PRINTSTR &#34;Release mode </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">$&#34; </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">ENDIF </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="循环展开"><a href="#%e5%be%aa%e7%8e%af%e5%b1%95%e5%bc%80" class="header-anchor"></a>循环展开 </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span><span class="lnt">5 </span><span class="lnt">6 </span><span class="lnt">7 </span><span class="lnt">8 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">UNROLL_LOOP MACRO count, label </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> LOCAL i </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> i = 0 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> REPEAT count </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> CALL label </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> i = i + 1 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> ENDM </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">ENDM </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="宏-vs-子程序"><a href="#%e5%ae%8f-vs-%e5%ad%90%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%8f" class="header-anchor"></a>宏 vs 子程序 </h2><table> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">特性</th> <th style="text-align:left">宏</th> <th style="text-align:left">子程序</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">展开时机</td> <td style="text-align:left">汇编时</td> <td style="text-align:left">运行时</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">代码体积</td> <td style="text-align:left">每次展开复制代码</td> <td style="text-align:left">只有一份代码</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">执行速度</td> <td style="text-align:left">快（无调用开销）</td> <td style="text-align:left">稍慢（CALL/RET）</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">适用场景</td> <td style="text-align:left">短小频繁的代码</td> <td style="text-align:left">复杂逻辑</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="总结"><a href="#%e6%80%bb%e7%bb%93" class="header-anchor"></a>总结 </h2><p>宏指令让汇编也能实现&quot;代码生成&quot;。合理运用宏和条件汇编，你的代码会简洁数倍。</p> <blockquote> <p>下一篇：《DOS 中断调用实战：INT 21h 文件/键盘/显示操作》</p> </blockquote>